Data definition

ALTER TABLE

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name
    alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification

  ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
| ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...)
| ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
      PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
      UNIQUE [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
      FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
      [reference_definition]
| ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
| CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition
      [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
| MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
| DROP [COLUMN] col_name
| DROP PRIMARY KEY
| DROP INDEX index_name
| DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol
| RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name

CREATE TABLE

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options] [select_statement]

create_definition

  column_definition
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX]
      [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY
      [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [reference_definition]
| CHECK (expr)

RENAME TABLE

RENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tbl_name
    [, tbl_name2 TO new_tbl_name2] ...

Data manipulation

DELETE

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name
         [WHERE where_definition]
         [ORDER BY ...]
         [LIMIT row_count]

INSERT

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
    VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name
    SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
    SELECT ...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]

SELECT

SELECT
    [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]
      [HIGH_PRIORITY]
      [STRAIGHT_JOIN]
      [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]
      [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
    select_expr, ...
    [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options
      | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name']
    [FROM table_references
      [WHERE where_definition]
      [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}
        [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
      [HAVING where_definition]
      [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}
        [ASC | DESC] , ...]
      [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
      [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
      [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]

UPDATE

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_name
    SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...]
    [WHERE where_definition]
    [ORDER BY ...]
    [LIMIT row_count]

Definitions, specifications and types

column_definition

| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX]
      [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY
      [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [reference_definition]

reference_definition

REFERENCES tbl_name [(index_col_name,...)]
           [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]
           [ON DELETE reference_option]
           [ON UPDATE reference_option]

column_type

  TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| DECIMAL(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| NUMERIC(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
| DATE | TIME | TIMESTAMP | DATETIME
| CHAR(length) [BINARY | ASCII | UNICODE]
| VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]
| TINYBLOB | BLOB | MEDIUMBLOB | LONGBLOB
| TINYTEXT [BINARY] | TEXT [BINARY] | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]
| LONGTEXT [BINARY]
| ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)
| SET(value1,value2,value3,...)